90 minutes; session 2 of 5
Viewing IP Routes with ip route
The ip route command allows viewing and managing IP routing tables. This provides visibility into how traffic flows across networks. This tutorial covers the basics of viewing routes.
Introduction
Understanding routing is key to managing network connectivity. Routes define the pathways for data to travel to destinations. Let’s look at how to view routes.
Steps
Open Terminal
First, open a terminal window on your system.
View Routes
Use this command to view the IP routing table:
ip route show
This will display all configured routes and their details.
Understand Output
The output will contain each destination network, the gateway/interface used to reach it, and other metadata.
Key elements:
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Destination network - The target subnet for the route.
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Gateway - The router IP used to reach the destination.
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Interface - The network interface used to forward packets.
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Scope - The route scope like global, link, host etc.
Change Routes
Routes can also be added, deleted, and modified using ip route. See other tutorials for examples.
Summary
The ip route show command provides visibility into the IP routing configuration. Viewing routes is essential for understanding network connectivity and traffic flow.
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Adding IP Routes with ip route
The ip route add command allows creating new routes in Linux. This provides manual control over network traffic flow. Let’s look at how to add a route.
Introduction
Being able to add custom routes is useful for shaping traffic and managing connectivity. Follow along to see a basic example.
Steps
Open Terminal
First, open a terminal window on your system.
Add Route
Use this command to add a new route:
sudo ip route add <destination> via <gateway>
Where <destination> is the target network and <gateway> is the router IP.
For example:
sudo ip route add 192.168.2.0/24 via 10.0.0.1
View Routes
Check that the new route appears:
ip route show
The route you added should now be listed.
Test Route
Try sending data to the destination to verify routing through the specified gateway:
ping 192.168.2.10
Summary
The ip route add command allows manually inserting new routes into the IP routing table. This is useful for controlling traffic flow for testing or management purposes.
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Setting the Default Gateway with ip route
The ip route add default command configures the default gateway in Linux. This provides internet access and routing beyond the local network. Let’s look at how to set the default route.
Introduction
The default gateway is the router used to reach external networks. Setting this correctly is essential for internet connectivity.
Steps
Open Terminal
First, open a terminal window on your system.
Find Gateway IP
Determine the IP address of your router you want to use as the default gateway. Often this is your LAN’s first valid IP.
Set Default Route
Use this command to set the default route:
sudo ip route add default via <gateway_ip>
Replace <gateway_ip> with your actual gateway IP address.
For example:
sudo ip route add default via 192.168.1.1
Test Connectivity
Try reaching a public website to confirm internet access:
ping google.com
This should now succeed through your configured gateway.
Summary
The ip route add default command specifies the default gateway used for external and internet traffic. Configuring this correctly is required for full network connectivity.
For more Linux network administration tutorials, contact our team of experts at any time.
Deleting Routes with ip route del
The ip route del command removes routes from the IP routing table in Linux. This can disable connectivity to specific networks. Let’s look at an example.
Introduction
Deleting routes allows you to manually block or reroute traffic. This can be useful for testing or traffic shaping purposes.
Steps
Open Terminal
First, open a terminal window on your system.
Identify Destination
Determine the route destination you want to remove. For example, let’s use the 192.168.2.0/24 subnet.
Delete Route
Use this command to delete the route:
sudo ip route del 192.168.2.0/24
View Routes
Check that the route no longer appears:
ip route show
The deleted route should be removed from the table.
Test Connectivity
Try pinging an address in the removed subnet. This should now fail due to the missing route.
Summary
The ip route del command removes routes from the IP routing table. This disables connectivity to the specified destinations.
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