Custom cloud-init network configuration examples please?

Let me try to provide some ideas.

First, you might want to set the IP mode of the boot interface of the machine to DHCP so that MAAS will use just one IP to PXE boot the machine and will not assign any static IP to the machine in the first installation.

Then, when you deploy the machine, you can use a cloud-init script like

#!/bin/sh
cat <<EOF > /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml
network:
    ethernets:
        enp5s0: // THE INTERFACE
            addresses:
                - 12.0.1.240/24 // WHATEVER IP ACCORDING TO YOUR LOGIC
            match:
                macaddress: 00:16:3e:4a:03:01 // WHATEVER MAC ADDRESS OF THE MACHINE
            mtu: 1500
            set-name: enp5s0
    version: 2
EOF
netplan apply

would that work for you?